by Calculated Risk on 12/08/2012 08:05:00 AM
Saturday, December 08, 2012
Summary for Week Ending Dec 7th
The November employment report was better than expected, but mostly because expectations were so low due to Hurricane Sandy. A couple of employments highlights: seasonal retail hiring was surprisingly strong (could indicate a decent holiday retail season), and it appears the state and local government layoffs are mostly over.
On Monday we saw dueling headlines: "ISM Manufacturing index lowest since July 2009" and "Auto Sales highest since 2007". Both reports were probably impacted by Hurricane Sandy, with a negative impact on manufacturing, and auto sales were bouncing back from a weak October. The reality is the economy is still growing - sluggishly - although manufacturing remains a weak sector.
Other reports were mostly positive: the ISM service index was above expectations, construction spending continues to increase, and initial weekly unemployment claims are declining following the Hurricane Sandy spike. A negative on Friday was consumer sentiment, and that may be impacted by the austerity debate (aka "Fiscal cliff) and the apparent lack of progress.
On the Fiscal Cliff, at Goldman Sachs economist Alec Phillips wrote yesterday:
While we still believe an agreement is slightly more likely before year end, there is a clear possibility that it could slip to late December or even early 2013. That said, we remain confident that Congress will resolve the issue by mid-January.I expect an agreement to be reached, but probably not until January so politicians can claim they didn't vote for a tax increase (the tax cuts expire at the end of the year). I also expect the agreement to include raising the debt ceiling.
There are two potential paths to an agreement. The current focus is a comprehensive package of tax revenue increases, spending reductions, and an increase in the debt limit. In a broad package, the risk would probably be toward slightly more expansive fiscal policy than we assume in our forecast, since some changes (e.g., the scheduled payroll tax increase) might be phased in more slowly as a result of a political compromise.
Fallback plans have also gained recent attention. One alternative would be for the House of Representatives to simply pass an extension of the middle-income tax cuts. This would avoid the largest single source of fiscal restraint scheduled for 2013, but it would lead to more fiscal restraint than we expect if other aspects of the fiscal cliff are not addressed. Moreover, failure to increase the debt limit would create a second source of uncertainty in early 2013.
Here is a summary of last week in graphs:
• November Employment Report: 146,000 Jobs, 7.7% Unemployment Rate

With all the uncertainty about the impact of Hurricane Sandy, this was a decent report, especially with the decline in the unemployment rate. However, negatives include the downward revisions to prior months, and the decline in the participation rate.
The headline number was above expectations of 80,000, but both September and October payroll growth was revised down.
The second graph shows the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate declined to 7.7%.

The unemployment rate declined because of lower participation (a decline in the civilian labor force).
The third graph shows the employment population ratio and the participation rate.

The participation rate is well below the 66% to 67% rate that was normal over the last 20 years, although most of the recent decline is due to demographics.
The Employment-Population ratio decreased to 58.7% in November (black line). I'll post the 25 to 54 age group employment-population ratio graph later.

This shows the depth of the recent employment recession - worse than any other post-war recession - and the relatively slow recovery due to the lingering effects of the housing bust and financial crisis.
According to the BLS employment report, retailers hired seasonal workers at a record pace in November.

This really shows the collapse in retail hiring in 2008. Since then seasonal hiring has increased back to normal levels.
Retailers hired 465.5 thousand workers (NSA) net in November. The combined level for October and November is the highest ever. Note: this is NSA (Not Seasonally Adjusted).
This suggests retailers are fairly optimistic about the holiday season. There is a decent correlation between retail hiring and retail sales, see: Retail: Seasonal Hiring vs. Retail Sales

Note: The dashed line shows an estimate including the benchmark revision.
It appears most of the state and local government layoffs are over, however the Federal government layoffs are ongoing. Overall government employment has seen an unprecedented decline over the last 3+ years (not seen since the Depression).
• U.S. Light Vehicle Sales at 15.5 million annual rate in November, Highest Since 2007

This was above the consensus forecast of 15.0 million SAAR (seasonally adjusted annual rate), however some of the increase was a bounce back from Hurricane Sandy that negatively impacted sales at the end of October.
Note: dashed line is current estimated sales rate.
Most (or all) of the month-to-month decline in October was related to Hurricane Sandy, and some of the sharp increase this month was a bounce back.
• ISM Manufacturing index declines in November to 49.5, Lowest since July 2009

Here is a long term graph of the ISM manufacturing index.
This was well below expectations of 51.7% and suggests manufacturing contracted in November.
• ISM Non-Manufacturing Index increases in November

This graph shows the ISM non-manufacturing index (started in January 2008) and the ISM non-manufacturing employment diffusion index.
This was above the consensus forecast of 53.6% and indicates faster expansion in November than in October. The internals were mixed with the employment index down, but new orders up.
• Construction Spending increased in October

Private residential spending is 57% below the peak in early 2006, and up 32% from the post-bubble low. Non-residential spending is 28% below the peak in January 2008, and up about 31% from the recent low.
Public construction spending is now 14% below the peak in March 2009 and just above the post-bubble low.
Looking forward, private residential construction spending will be the largest category again very soon - but spending is still very low (at 1998 levels not adjusted for inflation).
• Weekly Initial Unemployment Claims decline to 370,000

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims increased to 408,000.
This sharp increase in the 4 week average is due to Hurricane Sandy as claims increased significantly in NY, NJ and other impacted areas over the 4-week period (some of those areas saw another decline this week). Note the spike in 2005 was related to hurricane Katrina - we are seeing a similar impact, although on a smaller scale.
Weekly claims were lower than the consensus forecast.
• Preliminary Consumer Sentiment lower in December

This was way below the consensus forecast of 83.0. There are a number of factors that can impact sentiment including unemployment, gasoline prices and other concerns.
Back in August 2011, sentiment declined sharply due to the threat of default and the debt ceiling debate. Hopefully we will not see a repeat of that debacle.