by Calculated Risk on 12/14/2009 08:13:00 AM

Press Release from Citigroup: Citigroup, U.S. Government and Regulators Agree to TARP Repayment

Citi to Issue $17 Billion of Common Stock and $3.5 Billion of Tangible Equity Units

Citi to Repay $20 Billion of TARP Trust Preferred Securities

Agreement with the U.S. Government and Regulators to Terminate Loss-Sharing Agreement

U.S. Treasury to Sell Up To $5 Billion of its Common Shares via Concurrent Secondary Offering; Plans Orderly Exit

From the NY Times: Citigroup Says It Has Reached a Deal to Repay Bailout Funds

by Calculated Risk on 12/14/2009 12:33:00 AM

From the WSJ: Abu Dhabi Supplies $10 Billion to Dubai

Dubai's government Monday said it received $10 billion in financing from Abu Dhabi, which will pay part of the debt held by conglomerate Dubai World and its property unit Nakheel.

From the NY Times: Citigroup Nears Deal to Return Billions in Bailout Funds

Citigroup was close to a deal on Sunday night to be the last of the big Wall Street banks to exit the government’s bailout program, after trying to persuade regulators that it was sound enough to stand on its own.

And on CRE:

by Calculated Risk on 12/13/2009 10:06:00 PM

A couple more articles on the impact of the housing bust on mobility ...

From Patrick Coolican at the Las Vegas Sun: Mobility bust bad for Vegas

“Vegas is going to be disproportionately affected by the absolute crashing halt of interstate migration,” said Michael Hicks, director of the Center for Business and Economic Research at Ball State University.

About 4.7 million Americans moved from one state to another in 2007 and 2008, according to the Census Bureau. That’s just 55 percent of the total in 1999 and 2000. Geographers and economists think the number will plummet further this year.
...
“People are underwater on their homes and that affects mobility,” said Isabel Sawhill, a Brookings Institution economist.
...
Geographic mobility is what economists call “countercyclical.” When a recession hits, people usually move to where the jobs are. Job-related stasis — staying put in one’s job versus hitting the road in search of a better one — is unique to this recession.

And a personal tale from Brian Fitzgerald at the WSJ: Confessions of an Underwater Homeowner

We never considered purposefully defaulting ... Although, if I were laid off and unemployed for more than a few months we might have to. ... if I was offered a job in another city, we wouldn't be able to sell.

There is much more in Fitzgerald's story, but this bit on mobility is important - he can't sell, and he can't move to change jobs - and just like most Americans trapped underwater, he is trying to stick it out and hoping for the best.

Worker mobility has always been a significant positive for the U.S. economy, and this decline in mobility is one of the long lasting tragedies of the bubble. As I wrote almost two years ago:

Less worker mobility [due to negative equity] is kind of like arteriosclerosis of the economy. It lowers the overall growth potential.

Perhaps as many as 15 to 20 million households will be saddled with negative equity by 2009. Even if most of these homeowners don't "walk away", there might still be a negative impact on the economy due to less worker mobility.

by Calculated Risk on 12/13/2009 06:29:00 PM

From the WSJ: Fairfield Files for Chapter 11

Fairfield, which has built some 64,000 apartments, condominiums and off-campus student-housing units throughout the country, failed amid an inability to refinance debt or sell investment properties.

Their main two lenders were Wachovia (now part of Wells Fargo) and Capmark Financial (now in bankruptcy). This is also another hit to a Morgan Stanley real estate fund and others:

The bankruptcy is also a blow to the California State Teacher's Retirement System and a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corp., both of which invested in Fairfield over the years.

A Fairfield spokeswoman confirmed that investors including the Morgan Stanley fund and CalSTRS would be wiped out by the bankruptcy but said they would continue as joint-venture partners on Fairfield projects.

by Calculated Risk on 12/13/2009 02:36:00 PM

Some key real estate news will be released this week including the Housing Market Index on Tuesday, Housing Starts (November) and the Architecture Billings Index for CRE (both on Wednesday).

In other economic news, the Fed will release Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization (November) on Tuesday, and the FOMC meeting announcement on Wednesday (no change). CPI will be released on Wednesday and the Philly Fed Index on Thursday.

And a summary of last week ...

BLS: Near Record Low Labor Turnover

From the BLS: Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary The following graph shows job openings (yellow line), hires (blue Line), Quits (green bars) and Layoff, Discharges and other (red bars) from the JOLTS. Red and green added together equals total separations.

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

Notice that hires (blue line) and separations (red and green together) are pretty close each month. When the blue line is above total separations, the economy is adding net jobs, when the blue line is below total separations, the economy is losing net jobs.

According to the JOLTS report, there were 3.966 million hires in October, and 4.203 million separations, or 237 thousand net jobs lost. With job openings and hires near record lows, this suggests the current labor problem is mostly a lack of new jobs although layoffs and discharges were still elevated in October.

Trade Deficit Declines in October

The Census Bureau reported: "The ... total October exports of $136.8 billion and imports of $169.8 billion resulted in a goods and services deficit of $32.9 billion, down from $35.7 billion in September, revised."

This graph shows the monthly U.S. exports and imports in dollars through October 2009.

Imports and exports both increased in October. On a year-over-year basis, exports are off 9% and imports are off 19%.

Import oil prices decreased slightly to $67.39 in October - and oil import volumes dropped sharply in October. The decline in oil imports was the major contributor to decrease in the trade deficit.

Treasury: 31,382 HAMP Permanent Mods

The Treasury reported 31,382 HAMP permanent modifications as of the end November.

Here is the link at Treasury. See here for a list of reports.

The rules to include a borrower in a trial modification program vary by servicer - and that makes that number essentially meaningless. The number that matters is the permanent mods, and although early, it appears the program will fall short of the original goal.

Fed Q3 Flow of Funds Report

The Fed released the Q3 2009 Flow of Funds report this week: Flow of Funds.

According to the Fed, household net worth is now off $11.9 Trillion from the peak in 2007, but up $4.9 trillion from the trough earlier this year.

This is the Households and Nonprofit net worth as a percent of GDP.

This includes real estate and financial assets (stocks, bonds, pension reserves, deposits, etc) net of liabilities (mostly mortgages). Note that this does NOT include public debt obligations.

This really shows the recent stock and real estate bubbles.

Also, the following Mortgage Equity Withdrawal estimate is calculated from the Fed's Flow of Funds data and the BEA supplement data on single family structure investment. (See: Q3 2009: Mortgage Equity Extraction Strongly Negative)

This graph shows the net equity extraction, or mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), results, using the Flow of Funds (and BEA data) compared to the Kennedy-Greenspan method.

For Q3 2009, the Net Equity Extraction was minus $91 billion, or negative 3.3% of Disposable Personal Income (DPI). This is not seasonally adjusted.

Retail Sales Increased in November

On a monthly basis, retail sales increased 1.3% from October to November (seasonally adjusted), and sales are up 1.9% from November 2008.

This graph shows retail sales since 1992. This is monthly retail sales, seasonally adjusted (total and ex-gasoline).

This shows that retail sales fell off a cliff in late 2008, and appear to have bottomed, but at a much lower level.

The red line is for retail sales ex-gasoline and this shows there might be a little pickup in final demand.

Other Economic Stories ...

From the NY Times: Paul A. Samuelson, Groundbreaking Economist, Dies at 94

A look back from Tim at The Mess that Greenspan Made: On equity "cushions" and negative equity

"In summary, it is encouraging to find that, despite the rapid growth of mortgage debt, only a small fraction of households across the country have loan-to-value ratios greater than 90 percent. Thus, the vast majority of homeowners have a sizable equity cushion with which to absorb a potential decline in house prices."
Alan Greenspan, Sept, 2005

From Thomas Corfman at Crain's Chicago Business: Zombie fears stalk Tishman in the Loop

From Mark Whitehouse at the WSJ: American Dream 2: Default, Then Rent

From Brian Fitzgerald at the WSJ: Confessions of an Underwater Homeowner

Unofficial Problem Bank List, Dec 11, 2009

Best wishes to all.

by Calculated Risk on 12/13/2009 11:39:00 AM

From Der Spiegel: Interview with US Economic Recovery Advisory Board Chair Paul Volcker (ht jb)

Volcker: ... We had a quarter of increased growth but I don't think we are out of the woods.

SPIEGEL: You expect a backlash?

Volcker: The recovery is quite slow and I expect it to continue to be pretty slow and restrained for a variety of reasons and the possibility of a relapse can't be entirely discounted. I'm not predicting it but I think we have to be careful.

SPIEGEL: What is the difference between this deep recession and all the other recessions we have seen since World War II?

Volcker: What complicates this situation, as compared to the ordinary garden variety recession, is that we have this financial collapse on top of an economic disequilibrium. Too much consumption and too little investment, too many imports and too few exports. We have not been on a sustainable economic track and that has to be changed. But those changes don't come overnight, they don't come in a quarter, they don't come in a year. You can begin them but that is a process that takes time. If we don't make that adjustment and if we again pump up consumption, we will just walk into another crisis.
...
Volcker: ... We have not yet achieved self-reinforcing recovery. We are heavily dependent upon government support so far. We are on a government support system, both in the financial markets and in the economy.
emphasis added

And on the banks:

Volcker: It's amazing how quickly some people want to forget about the trouble and go back to business as usual. We face a real challenge in dealing with that feeling that the crisis is over. ...

SPIEGEL: You have been clear about your ideas. Do you really believe we have to break up the big banks in order to create a more sustainable financial system?

Volcker: Well, breaking them up is difficult. I would prefer to say, let's just slice them up. I don't want them to get heavily involved in capital market activities so my view is: Hedge funds, no. Equity funds, no. Proprietary trading, no. Trading in commodities, no. And that in itself would reduce the size of the big banks. So you get some reduction in size. Equally important, you make them more manageable and easier to deal with if they do get in trouble.

There is much more in the interview.

by Calculated Risk on 12/13/2009 09:27:00 AM

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

Kirsten Grind provides some of the responses to the Puget Sound Business Journal's requests for information: The fight for WaMu documents (ht Spatch)

The Puget Sound Business Journal for months has asked the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), the federal agency that regulated Washington Mutual, to release internal communications between WaMu's regulators.

The newspaper made its requests under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, the decades-old law that requires federal agencies to disclose public documents.

Of particular interest were internal emails, which could help explain why regulators seized the bank in September 2008 even though WaMu appeared to meet regulatory standards for operating banks, despite its burden of bad loans. (You can read the second installment of our six-month investigation about that decision here. The first in the series, about the bank's final days is here.)

On Wednesday, an OTS official told the Business Journal in an email: “After careful review, I have determined that your request, as it pertains to the above-referenced documents, is denied in full.”

In her article last week, Kirsten asks: Why Did They Close WaMu?. From the piece:

[D]ocuments and interviews with former WaMu employees show that regulators closed WaMu even though it had liquidity and capital that were well above the levels at which a bank might normally be threatened with closure.

Typically, a bank is in danger of being seized if its net liquidity dips below 5 percent of total assets, according to banking experts and former regulators. On the day regulators shut WaMu, the bank had $29 billion in net liquidity—about 9.4 percent of assets, and nearly twice the closure threshold. The figure was provided by a former senior WaMu manager who closely tracked the bank’s liquidity at the time. It was confirmed by a former top WaMu executive who had full knowledge of the bank’s liquidity position.

“With the cash it had, WaMu should never have been seized,” said a senior banking regulator familiar with the matter.
...
Other documents also support the view that WaMu had sufficient liquidity to stay open. The last liquidity report from inside WaMu shows that on September 11 the bank could borrow $6.2 billion from the Federal Home Loan Banks in Seattle and San Francisco. It could borrow an additional $8.2 billion from the Federal Reserve Bank, a line that it hadn’t accessed at the time of its seizure, according to two people familiar with the matter.

It appears that WaMu employees considered the untapped FHLB and Fed lines of credit of over $14 billion as part of WaMu's $29 billion in net liquidity - and unmentioned (but likely) is that the Seattle FHLB and the Fed were probably about ready to pull those lines - and the FDIC probably knew that was about to happen and closed WaMu. Of course we don't know from the FOIA documents!

But this would be just like a homeowner with an unused HELOC. Just when the homeowner is about to use the HELOC, the bank reduces or eliminates the line, and the homeowner's "liquidity" vanishes. Funny thing about liquidity - it can be there one day, and gone the next.

by Calculated Risk on 12/12/2009 10:48:00 PM

Jim shows several more homes in foreclosure in a nice area of north county coastal San Diego.

by Calculated Risk on 12/12/2009 07:37:00 PM

Here is a graph of bank failures, by number of institutions and assets, from the December Congressional Oversight Panel’s Troubled Asset Relief Program report. (ht Catherine Rampell):

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

From the report (page 45):

Figure 11 shows numbers of failed banks, and total assets of failed banks since 1970. It shows that, although the number of failed banks was significantly higher in the late 1980s than it is now, the aggregate assets of failed banks during the current crisis far outweighs those from the 1980s. At the high point in 1988 and 1989, 763 banks failed, with total assets of $309 billion.¹⁶⁷ Compare this to 149 banks failing in 2008 and 2009, with total assets of $473 billion.¹⁶⁸

Note: This is in 2005 dollars and this includes the failure of WaMu in 2008 with $307 billion in assets that didn't impact the DIF.

The second graph shows bank failures by week in 2009.

Note: Week 1 on graph ended Jan 2nd.

There have been 133 bank failures this year, and there are only two more weeks left to close banks in 2009 (Dec 18th and maybe Dec 24th). This will set the over-under line for 2010 - will there be more bank failures in 2010 than in 2009?

I'll take the over (more failures in 2010 than in 2009).

by Calculated Risk on 12/12/2009 03:37:00 PM

From David Streitfeld in the NY Times: Rates Are Low, but Banks Balk at Refinancing (ht Dave)

On refinancing with negative equity:

Mark Belvedere bought a condominium in a San Francisco suburb in early 2004 and refinanced it in 2005. He now owes $235,000 on a property that would sell for barely half that today.

Mr. Belvedere said he would be willing to live with all that lost equity if he could refinance his loan from a variable rate, which could eventually go as high as 12 percent, into a 30-year fixed term.

His lender said no, citing the diminished value of the property. “It makes no sense and is so frustrating,” Mr. Belvedere said. “I’m ready and willing to pay the mortgage for the next 30 years, but they act like they’d rather have me walk away.”

Unfortunately David Streitfeld doesn't provide any further information on Belvedere's loan. If the loan was held by a bank, then it might make sense for the bank to refinance the loan (this lowers the bank's risk of default). However Belvedere's "lender" might be a servicing company and the loan may have been securitized. Then it is impossible to refinance because the current holders of the note would be paid off, and no new lender would make a loan greater than the value of the collateral.

As Streitfeld notes, the GSEs have a program called Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) that will allow lenders to refinance loans upto 125% of the property value. But this is only for loans the GSEs already holds or insures (and because refinancing lowers the risk of default). This wouldn't help Belvedere because he owes almost twice what his property is worth.