by Calculated Risk on 10/28/2015 06:39:00 PM

From the WSJ: House Passes Two-Year Budget Deal

The House on Wednesday passed a two-year budget deal that would extend the government’s borrowing limit less than a week before the Treasury risks being unable to pay its bills.

The legislation passed the House by a vote of 266-167 and now heads to the Senate, which is expected to pass it later this week or weekend ...

Thursday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, Gross Domestic Product, 3rd quarter 2015 (Advance estimate). The consensus is that real GDP increased 1.7% annualized in Q3.

• Also at 8:30 AM, the initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released. The consensus is for 265 thousand initial claims, up from 259 thousand the previous week.

• At 10:00 AM, Pending Home Sales Index for September. The consensus is for a 1.0% increase in the index.

by Calculated Risk on 10/28/2015 02:00:00 PM

Less global concern. Slightly more positive. December still on table.

FOMC Statement:

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in September suggests that economic activity has been expanding at a moderate pace. Household spending and business fixed investment have been increasing at solid rates in recent months, and the housing sector has improved further; however, net exports have been soft. The pace of job gains slowed and the unemployment rate held steady. Nonetheless, labor market indicators, on balance, show that underutilization of labor resources has diminished since early this year. Inflation has continued to run below the Committee's longer-run objective, partly reflecting declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation moved slightly lower; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations have remained stable.

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with appropriate policy accommodation, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace, with labor market indicators continuing to move toward levels the Committee judges consistent with its dual mandate. The Committee continues to see the risks to the outlook for economic activity and the labor market as nearly balanced but is monitoring global economic and financial developments. Inflation is anticipated to remain near its recent low level in the near term but the Committee expects inflation to rise gradually toward 2 percent over the medium term as the labor market improves further and the transitory effects of declines in energy and import prices dissipate. The Committee continues to monitor inflation developments closely.

To support continued progress toward maximum employment and price stability, the Committee today reaffirmed its view that the current 0 to 1/4 percent target range for the federal funds rate remains appropriate. In determining whether it will be appropriate to raise the target range at its next meeting, the Committee will assess progress--both realized and expected--toward its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. The Committee anticipates that it will be appropriate to raise the target range for the federal funds rate when it has seen some further improvement in the labor market and is reasonably confident that inflation will move back to its 2 percent objective over the medium term.

The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction. This policy, by keeping the Committee's holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions.

When the Committee decides to begin to remove policy accommodation, it will take a balanced approach consistent with its longer-run goals of maximum employment and inflation of 2 percent. The Committee currently anticipates that, even after employment and inflation are near mandate-consistent levels, economic conditions may, for some time, warrant keeping the target federal funds rate below levels the Committee views as normal in the longer run.

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; Charles L. Evans; Stanley Fischer; Dennis P. Lockhart; Jerome H. Powell; Daniel K. Tarullo; and John C. Williams. Voting against the action was Jeffrey M. Lacker, who preferred to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 25 basis points at this meeting.
emphasis added

by Calculated Risk on 10/28/2015 11:20:00 AM

From the US Court: Fiscal Year Bankruptcy Filings Continue Fall

Bankruptcy cases filed in federal courts for the fiscal year 2015—the 12-month period ending September 30, 2015—totaled 860,182, down 11 percent from the 963,739 bankruptcy filings in FY 2014, according to statistics released today by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. This is the lowest number of bankruptcy filings for any 12-month period since 2007, and the fifth consecutive fiscal year filings have fallen.

The number of filings for the fiscal year ending Sept 2015 were the lowest since 2007, and business filings were the lowest in decades.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the business and non-business bankruptcy filings by year since 1987.

The sharp decline in 2006 and 2007 was due to the so-called "Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005". (a good example of Orwellian named legislation since this was more a "Lender Protection Act").

Other than 2007, this was the lowest level for filings since 1994. This is another indicator of an economy mostly recovered from the housing bust and financial crisis.

by Calculated Risk on 10/28/2015 10:07:00 AM

From Merrill Lynch:

The October FOMC meeting is unlikely to deliver any major changes in policy or language ... At this stage, we continue to see a relatively flat distribution for the timing of liftoff. December is our modal forecast for the first rate hike, but there is a significant chance that it could be later — depending on the upcoming data flow.

Markets are expecting a more dovish assessment of the outlook from the Fed, and the FOMC statement is likely to acknowledge that the recent US data have been more mixed since the September meeting. The FOMC may mark down their assessment of growth from moderate to modest, and may note that the pace of improvement in the labor market has slowed. They also may note the significant drag from inventory reduction and a widening trade deficit. However, watch for the possibility that the FOMC suggests that much of the current weakness should be short-lived — that would be a hawkish signal relative to market expectations for the first rate hike no earlier than March 2016.
...
The FOMC has tried to dissuade markets from expecting any explicit signals about upcoming policy changes, emphasizing data dependence. As such, we anticipate no meaningful changes to the policy guidance language. That should not be read as a sign the Fed will not hike in December; rather that they are keeping all options open. We still see a significant chance that the FOMC will hike this year ...

by Calculated Risk on 10/28/2015 07:01:00 AM

From the MBA: Mortgage Applications Decrease in Latest MBA Weekly Survey

Mortgage applications decreased 3.5 percent from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey for the week ending October 23, 2015. The previous week’s results included an adjustment for the Columbus Day holiday.
...
The Refinance Index decreased 4 percent from the previous week. The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index decreased 3 percent from one week earlier. The unadjusted Purchase Index increased 7 percent compared with the previous week and was 23 percent higher than the same week one year ago.

The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($417,000 or less) increased to 3.98 percent from 3.95 percent, with points increasing to 0.44 from 0.43 (including the origination fee) for 80 percent loan-to-value ratio (LTV) loans.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.


The first graph shows the refinance index.

Refinance activity remains low.

2014 was the lowest year for refinance activity since year 2000, and refinance activity will probably stay low for the rest of 2015.


The second graph shows the MBA mortgage purchase index.  

According to the MBA, the unadjusted purchase index is 23% higher than a year ago.

by Calculated Risk on 10/27/2015 04:50:00 PM

Earlier from the Richmond Fed: Manufacturing Sector Activity Remained Soft; Volume of New Orders Leveled Off

Overall, manufacturing conditions remained soft in October. The composite index for manufacturing flattened to a reading of −1, following last month's reading of −5. Additionally, the index for new orders leveled off this month, gaining 12 points to end at 0. The index for shipments remained negative, losing one point to end at −4. Manufacturing employment continued to increase mildly this month. The indicator remained at a reading of 3 for a second month.
emphasis added

This was the last of the regional Fed surveys for October. All of the regional surveys indicated contraction in October - although mostly slower than in September - and mostly due to weakness from oil and exports.

Here is a graph comparing the regional Fed surveys and the ISM manufacturing index:

Click on graph for larger image.

The New York and Philly Fed surveys are averaged together (yellow, through October), and five Fed surveys are averaged (blue, through October) including New York, Philly, Richmond, Dallas and Kansas City. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) PMI (red) is through September (right axis).

It seems likely the ISM index will be weak again in October, and could possibly show contraction - a reading below 50. (although these regional surveys overemphasize oil producing areas).  The early consensus is for an increase to 51.0 for the ISM index, from 50.2 in September.

by Calculated Risk on 10/27/2015 01:22:00 PM

Here is the earlier post on Case-Shiller: Case-Shiller: National House Price Index increased 4.7% year-over-year in August

The year-over-year increase in prices is mostly moving sideways now at between 4% and 5%.. In October 2013, the National index was up 10.9% year-over-year (YoY). In August 2015, the index was up 4.7% YoY.

Here is the YoY change since January 2014 for the National Index:

Month	YoY Change
Jan-14	10.5%
Feb-14	10.1%
Mar-14	8.9%
Apr-14	7.9%
May-14	7.0%
Jun-14	6.3%
Jul-14	5.6%
Aug-14	5.1%
Sep-14	4.8%
Oct-14	4.6%
Nov-14	4.6%
Dec-14	4.5%
Jan-15	4.3%
Feb-15	4.2%
Mar-15	4.3%
Apr-15	4.3%
May-15	4.4%
Jun-15	4.5%
Jul-15	4.6%
Aug-15	4.7%

Most of the slowdown on a YoY basis is now behind us. This slowdown in price increases this year was expected by several key analysts, and I think it is good news for housing and the economy.

In the earlier post, I graphed nominal house prices, but it is also important to look at prices in real terms (inflation adjusted).  Case-Shiller, CoreLogic and others report nominal house prices.  As an example, if a house price was $200,000 in January 2000, the price would be close to $276,000 today adjusted for inflation (38%).  That is why the second graph below is important - this shows "real" prices (adjusted for inflation).

It has been almost ten years since the bubble peak.  In the Case-Shiller release this morning, the National Index was reported as being 6.7% below the bubble peak.   However, in real terms, the National index is still about 20.6% below the bubble peak.

Nominal House Prices


The first graph shows the monthly Case-Shiller National Index SA, the monthly Case-Shiller Composite 20 SA, and the CoreLogic House Price Indexes (through August) in nominal terms as reported.

In nominal terms, the Case-Shiller National index (SA) is back to July 2005 levels, and the Case-Shiller Composite 20 Index (SA) is back to January 2005 levels, and the CoreLogic index (NSA) is back to July 2005.

Real House Prices

The second graph shows the same three indexes in real terms (adjusted for inflation using CPI less Shelter). Note: some people use other inflation measures to adjust for real prices.

In real terms, the National index is back to July 2003 levels, the Composite 20 index is back to April 2003, and the CoreLogic index back to January 2004.

In real terms, house prices are back to 2003 levels.

Note: CPI less Shelter is down 1.1% year-over-year, so this is pushing up real prices.

Price-to-Rent

In October 2004, Fed economist John Krainer and researcher Chishen Wei wrote a Fed letter on price to rent ratios: House Prices and Fundamental Value. Kainer and Wei presented a price-to-rent ratio using the OFHEO house price index and the Owners' Equivalent Rent (OER) from the BLS.

Here is a similar graph using the Case-Shiller National, Composite 20 and CoreLogic House Price Indexes.

This graph shows the price to rent ratio (January 1998 = 1.0).

On a price-to-rent basis, the Case-Shiller National index is back to May 2003 levels, the Composite 20 index is back to December 2002 levels, and the CoreLogic index is back to November 2003.

In real terms, and as a price-to-rent ratio, prices are back to 2003 levels - and the price-to-rent ratio maybe moving a little sideways now.

by Calculated Risk on 10/27/2015 11:00:00 AM

The Census Bureau released the Residential Vacancies and Homeownership report for Q3 2015.

This report is frequently mentioned by analysts and the media to track household formation, the homeownership rate, and the homeowner and rental vacancy rates.  However, there are serious questions about the accuracy of this survey.

This survey might show the trend, but I wouldn't rely on the absolute numbers.  The Census Bureau is investigating the differences between the HVS, ACS and decennial Census, and analysts probably shouldn't use the HVS to estimate the excess vacant supply or household formation, or rely on the homeownership rate, except as a guide to the trend.

Click on graph for larger image.

The Red dots are the decennial Census homeownership rates for April 1st 1990, 2000 and 2010. The HVS homeownership rate increased to 63.7% in Q3, from 63.4% in Q2.

I'd put more weight on the decennial Census numbers - and given changing demographics, the homeownership rate is probably close to a bottom.

The HVS homeowner vacancy increased to 1.9% in Q3. 

This has been mostly moving sideways for the last 2+ years.

Once again - this probably shows the general trend, but I wouldn't rely on the absolute numbers.

The rental vacancy rate increased in Q3 to 7.3% from 6.8% in Q2.

I think the Reis quarterly survey (large apartment owners only in selected cities) is a much better measure of the rental vacancy rate, but this does suggest the rental vacancy rate might have bottomed.

The quarterly HVS is the most timely survey on households, but there are many questions about the accuracy of this survey.

by Calculated Risk on 10/27/2015 09:20:00 AM

S&P/Case-Shiller released the monthly Home Price Indices for August ("August" is a 3 month average of June, July and August prices).

This release includes prices for 20 individual cities, two composite indices (for 10 cities and 20 cities) and the monthly National index.

Note: Case-Shiller reports Not Seasonally Adjusted (NSA), I use the SA data for the graphs.

From S&P: Widespread Gains in Home Prices for August According to the S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices

The S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, covering all nine U.S. census divisions, recorded a slightly higher year-over-year gain with a 4.7% annual increase in August 2015 versus a 4.6% increase in July 2015. The 10-City Composite increased 4.7% in the year to August compared to 4.5% in the prior month. The 20-City Composite’s year-over-year gain was 5.1% versus 4.9% in the year to July.
...
Before seasonal adjustment, the National Index posted a gain of 0.3% month-over-month in August. The 10-City Composite and 20-City Composite both reported gains of 0.3% and 0.4% month-over-month respectively. After seasonal adjustment, the National Index posted a gain of 0.4%, while the 10-City and 20-City Composites both increased 0.1% month-over-month. Eighteen of 20 cities reported increases in August before seasonal adjustment; after seasonal adjustment, five were down, 11 were up, and four were unchanged.
...
“Home prices continue to climb at a 4% to 5% annual rate across the country,” says David M. Blitzer, Managing Director and Chairman of the Index Committee for S&P Dow Jones Indices.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the nominal seasonally adjusted Composite 10, Composite 20 and National indices (the Composite 20 was started in January 2000).

The Composite 10 index is off 14.8% from the peak, and up 0.1% in August (SA).

The Composite 20 index is off 13.6% from the peak, and up 0.1% (SA) in August.

The National index is off 6.7% from the peak, and up 0.4% (SA) in August.  The National index is up 26.1% from the post-bubble low set in December 2011 (SA).

The second graph shows the Year over year change in all three indices.

The Composite 10 SA is up 4.7% compared to August 2014.

The Composite 20 SA is up 5.1% year-over-year..

The National index SA is up 4.7% year-over-year.

Prices increased (SA) in 13 of the 20 Case-Shiller cities in August seasonally adjusted.  (Prices increased in 18 of the 20 cities NSA)  Prices in Las Vegas are off 39.2% from the peak, and prices in Denver and Dallas are at new highs (SA).

The last graph shows the bubble peak, the post bubble minimum, and current nominal prices relative to January 2000 prices for all the Case-Shiller cities in nominal terms.

As an example, at the peak, prices in Phoenix were 127% above the January 2000 level. Then prices in Phoenix fell slightly below the January 2000 level, and are now up 53% above January 2000 (53% nominal gain in almost 16 years).

These are nominal prices, and real prices (adjusted for inflation) are up about 40% since January 2000 - so the increase in Phoenix from January 2000 until now is about 12% above the change in overall prices due to inflation.

Two cities - Denver (up 68% since Jan 2000) and Dallas (up 51% since Jan 2000) - are above the bubble highs (a few other Case-Shiller Comp 20 city are close - Boston, Charlotte, San Francisco, Portland).    Detroit prices are barely above the January 2000 level.

I'll have more on house prices later.

by Calculated Risk on 10/26/2015 08:00:00 PM

From Nick Timiraos And Siobhan Hughes at the WSJ: White House and Boehner Close In on Budget Deal

The White House and Speaker John Boehner (R., Ohio) Monday were nearing a deal on a two-year budget plan that would also increase the federal debt limit, according to people familiar with the discussions.
...
A main object of the talks is to remove the risk that the government might default next month or face a partial government shutdown in December. A deal would suspend the debt limit into early 2017 and establish new spending levels through September 2017, according to people familiar with the discussions.

Tuesday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, Durable Goods Orders for September from the Census Bureau. The consensus is for a 1.0% decrease in durable goods orders.

• At 9:00 AM, S&P/Case-Shiller House Price Index for August. Although this is the August report, it is really a 3 month average of June, July and August prices. The consensus is for a 5.1% year-over-year increase in the Comp 20 index for August. The Zillow forecast is for the National Index to increase 4.7% year-over-year in August.

• At 10:00 AM, the Richmond Fed Survey of Manufacturing Activity for October.

• Also at 10:00 AM, the Q3 Housing Vacancies and Homeownership from the Census Bureau.