by Calculated Risk on 9/04/2021 05:35:00 PM

The headline unemployment rate of 5.2% significantly understates the current situation. 

Here is a table that shows the current number of unemployed and the unemployment rate (as of August 2021). 

Then I calculated the unemployment rate by including the number of people that have left the labor force since early 2020, and the expected growth in the labor force.

	Unemployment Rate	Unemployed (000s)	Left Labor Force (000s)	Expected Labor Force Growth (000s)	Adjusted Unemployment Rate
Feb-20	3.5%	5,717	0	0	3.5%
Mar-20	4.4%	7,185	-1,727	100	5.5%
Apr-20	14.8%	23,109	-7,970	200	19.0%
May-20	13.3%	20,975	-6,248	300	16.7%
Jun-20	11.1%	17,697	-4,651	400	13.8%
Jul-20	10.2%	16,308	-4,363	500	12.8%
Aug-20	8.4%	13,542	-3,630	600	10.8%
Sep-20	7.8%	12,535	-4,370	700	10.7%
Oct-20	6.9%	11,049	-3,730	800	9.4%
Nov-20	6.7%	10,728	-3,912	900	9.4%
Dec-20	6.7%	10,736	-3,881	1,000	9.4%
Jan-21	6.3%	10,130	-4,287	1,100	9.4%
Feb-21	6.2%	9,972	-4,237	1,200	9.3%
Mar-21	6.0%	9,710	-3,890	1,300	9.0%
Apr-21	6.1%	9,812	-3,460	1,400	8.8%
May-21	5.8%	9,316	-3,513	1,500	8.6%
Jun-21	5.9%	9,484	-3,362	1,600	8.7%
Jul-21	5.4%	8,702	-3,101	1,700	8.1%
Aug-21	5.2%	8,384	-2,911	1,800	7.9%

As the economy recovers, many of the people that left the labor force will probably return, and there will likely be more entrants into the labor force (although recent demographic data has been dismal).

It would be a mistake to just look at the headline unemployment rate to assess the current situation.

by Calculated Risk on 9/04/2021 08:11:00 AM

This will be a light week for economic data.

----- Monday, September 6th -----
All US markets will be closed in observance of the Labor Day holiday.

----- Tuesday, September 7th -----
8:00 AM ET: Corelogic House Price index for July

----- Wednesday, September 8th -----
7:00 AM ET: The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

10:00 AM ET: Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey for July from the BLS.

This graph shows job openings (yellow line), hires (purple), Layoff, Discharges and other (red column), and Quits (light blue column) from the JOLTS.

Jobs openings increased in June to 10.073 million from 9.483 million in May.  This was a new record high for this series.

The number of job openings (yellow) were up 65% year-over-year, and Quits were up 46% year-over-year.

2:00 PM: the Federal Reserve Beige Book, an informal review by the Federal Reserve Banks of current economic conditions in their Districts.

----- Thursday, September 9th -----
8:30 AM: The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released.  There were 340 thousand initial claims last week.

----- Friday, September 10th -----
8:30 AM: The Producer Price Index for August from the BLS. The consensus is for a 0.6% increase in PPI, and a 0.6% increase in core PPI.

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 04:39:00 PM

I've started a newsletter focused solely on real estate.  This newsletter is ad free.

Recent articles include:

• Real House Prices, Price-to-Rent Ratio and Price-to-Median Income in June

• Expect House Prices to be up 20% YoY in July Report

• House Prices Increase Sharply in June

• Housing: Inventory is the Key Metric in 2021

• Forbearance, Delinquencies and Foreclosure: Will the end of the foreclosure moratorium, combined with the expiration of a large number of forbearance plans, lead to a surge in foreclosures and impact house prices, as happened following the housing bubble?

• How Much will the Fannie & Freddie Conforming Loan Limit Increase for 2022?

• New Home Sales Increase to 708,000 Annual Rate in July

• Existing-Home Sales Increased to 5.99 million in July

• Housing Starts decreased to 1.534 Million Annual Rate in July

• Housing and Demographics: The Next Big Shift

This will usually be published several times a week, and will provide more in-depth analysis of the housing market.

The blog will continue as always!

You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/ (Currently all content is available for free, but please subscribe).

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 04:00:00 PM

NOTE: There will be no weekend updates on COVID.

The CDC is the source for all data.

According to the CDC, on Vaccinations.  Total doses administered: 373,516,809, as of a week ago 366,838,484. Average doses last week: 0.95 million per day. 

COVID Metrics
	Today	Week Ago	Goal
Percent fully Vaccinated	52.9%	52.0%	≥70.0%1
Fully Vaccinated (millions)	175.5	172.6	≥2321
New Cases per Day3🚩	152,546	148,564	≤5,0002
Hospitalized3🚩	91,674	88,858	≤3,0002
Deaths per Day3🚩	1,094	1,038	≤502
1 Minimum to achieve "herd immunity" (estimated between 70% and 85%). 2my goals to stop daily posts, 37 day average for Cases, Currently Hospitalized, and Deaths 🚩 Increasing 7 day average week-over-week for Cases, Hospitalized, and Deaths ✅ Goal met.

IMPORTANT: For "herd immunity" most experts believe we need 70% to 85% of the total population fully vaccinated (or already had COVID).  

KUDOS to the residents of the 11 states that have achieved 60% of total population fully vaccinated: Vermont at 68.1%, Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maryland. New Jersey, Washington, New York, New Mexico, New Hampshire at 60.1%.

The following 13 states and D.C. have between 50% and 59.9% fully vaccinated: Oregon at 58.4%, District of Columbia, Virginia, Colorado, Minnesota, California, Hawaii, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Florida, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, and Michigan at 50.7%.

Next up (total population, fully vaccinated according to CDC) are South Dakota at 49.5%, Kentucky at 49.0%, Arizona at 48.9%, Ohio at 48.6%, Kansas at 48.6%, Nevada at 48.2%, Utah at 47.9%, Texas at 47.9% and Alaska at 47.4%.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the daily (columns) and 7 day average (line) of positive tests reported.

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 02:11:00 PM

From the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Rail Time Indicators. Graphs and excerpts reprinted with permission.

Intermodal is navigating many of the same challenges that have plagued global supply chains for months, such as shutdowns at ports and manufacturing centers in Asia; port congestion; labor and capacity shortages at docks, warehouses, and drayage firms; container and chassis shortages; natural and man-made disasters (e.g., wildfires, hurricanes, and ships getting stuck in canals). Pressures are intensifying as retailers, many of whom already have much lower inventories than they’d like, are trying to stock up for the upcoming holiday season. At this point, no one knows if things will get worse before they get better, and if they do get worse, how much worse they will get.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph from the Rail Time Indicators report shows the six week average of U.S. Carloads in 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Total originated carloads on U.S. railroads in August 2021 were 934,762, up 4.1% (36,815 carloads) over August 2020 and down 11.4% (120,262 carloads) from August 2019. The 4.1% year-over-year gain in August 2021 was the smallest year-over-year gain since March 2021. Total carloads averaged 233,691 per week in August 2021. Except for August 2020, that’s the lowest weekly average for total carloads for an August in our records that begin in 1988.

The second graph shows the six week average (not monthly) of U.S. intermodal in 2019, 2020 and 2021: (using intermodal or shipping containers):

U.S. intermodal originations, which are not included in carloads, were 3.3% lower in August 2021 than August 2020 and 0.4% lower than August 2019. That’s their first year-over-year decline in 13 months. Intermodal originations averaged 271,336 containers and trailers per week in August 2021, the third lowest of the eight months so far in 2021. In the 21 years from 2000 to 2020, August was a top-three intermodal month 16 times. That’s obviously won’t happen this year.

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 11:24:00 AM

Note: Both Black Knight and the MBA (Mortgage Bankers Association) are putting out weekly estimates of mortgages in forbearance.

This data is as of August 31st.

From Andy Walden at Black Knight: Forbearances Tick Down, With All Eyes on September Exits

The final week of August brought a 53,000 decline in the number of active forbearance plans, driven by a 23,000 reduction in plans among FHA/VA loans. Plan volumes also improved from the week prior among both GSE (-20,000) and portfolio/PLS (-10,000) loans.

According to Black Knight’s McDash Flash forbearance tracker, as of August 31, 1.71 million borrowers remain in COVID-19 related forbearance plans, including 1.8% of GSE, 5.6% of FHA/VA and 4.0% of portfolio held and privately securitized mortgages.

This puts plan volumes down nearly 9% (-168,000) from the same time last month as the market braces for the large wave of final plan expirations taking place in September. Of the 629,000 plans slated to be reviewed for extension/removal this month, nearly 400,000 are set to reach their final plan expirations based on current allowable forbearance term lengths.

Click on graph for larger image.

Significant volume declines could be seen in coming weeks as those plans reach their final expirations and exiting borrowers return to making mortgage payments in October.
emphasis added

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 09:21:00 AM

The headline jobs number in the August employment report was well below expectations, however employment for the previous two months was revised up significantly.   The participation rate was unchanged and the unemployment rate decreased to 5.2%.

Leisure and hospitality was unchanged in August, probably due to the sharp increase in COVID cases.  In March and April of 2020, leisure and hospitality lost 8.2 million jobs, and are now down 1.7 million jobs since February 2020.  So leisure and hospitality has now added back almost 79% of the jobs lost in March and April 2020.

Construction employment decreased 3 thousand, and manufacturing added 37 thousand jobs.

NOTE: State and Local education lost 26 thousand jobs, seasonally adjusted, versus expectations of a solid gain.

Earlier: August Employment Report: 235 Thousand Jobs, 5.2% Unemployment Rate

In August, the year-over-year employment change was 6.041 million jobs. This turned positive in April due to the sharp jobs losses in April 2020.

Permanent Job Losers

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows permanent job losers as a percent of the pre-recession peak in employment through the report today. (ht Joe Weisenthal at Bloomberg).

This data is only available back to 1994, so there is only data for three recessions.

In August, the number of permanent job losers decreased to 2.487 million from 2.930 million in July.

These jobs will likely be the hardest to recover, so it is a positive that the number of permanent job losers is declining rapidly.

Prime (25 to 54 Years Old) Participation

Since the overall participation rate has declined due to cyclical (recession) and demographic (aging population, younger people staying in school) reasons, here is the employment-population ratio for the key working age group: 25 to 54 years old.

The prime working age will be key as the economy recovers.

The 25 to 54 participation rate was unchanged in August at 81.8% from 81.8% in July, and the 25 to 54 employment population ratio increased to 78.0% from 77.8% in July.

Part Time for Economic Reasons

From the BLS report:

"In August, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, was essentially unchanged. There were 4.4 million persons in this category in February 2020. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs."

The number of persons working part time for economic reasons decreased in August to 4.469 million from 4.483 million in July. This is back close to pre-recession levels.

These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that decreased to 8.8% from 9.2% in July. This is down from the record high in April 22.9% for this measure since 1994. This measure was at 7.0% in February 2020 (pre-pandemic).

Unemployed over 26 Weeks

This graph shows the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more.

According to the BLS, there are 3.179 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks and still want a job, down from 3.425 million in July.

This does not include all the people that left the labor force. This will be a key measure to follow during the recovery.

Summary:

The headline monthly jobs number was well below expectations, however the previous two months were revised up by 134,000 combined.  And the headline unemployment rate decreased to 5.2%.

There was some good news - the decline in the unemployment rate, the decline in permanent job losers, and the decline in long term unemployed - however, there are still 5.3 million fewer jobs than prior to the recession, and overall this was a disappointing report, probably due to the sharp increase in COVID cases.

by Calculated Risk on 9/03/2021 08:41:00 AM

From the BLS:

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 235,000 in August, and the unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 5.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. So far this year, monthly job growth has averaged 586,000. In August, notable job gains occurred in professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, private education, manufacturing, and other services. Employment in retail trade declined over the month.
...
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised up by 24,000, from +938,000 to +962,000, and the change for July was revised up by 110,000, from +943,000 to +1,053,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 134,000 higher than previously reported.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the year-over-year change in total non-farm employment since 1968.

In August, the year-over-year change was 6.041 million jobs.  This was up significantly year-over-year.

Total payrolls increased by 235 thousand in August.  Private payrolls increased by 243 thousand.

Payrolls for June and July were revised up 134 thousand, combined.

The second graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms.

The current employment recession was by far the worst recession since WWII in percentage terms, but currently is not as severe as the worst of the "Great Recession".

The third graph shows the employment population ratio and the participation rate.

The Labor Force Participation Rate was unchanged at 61.7% in August, from 61.7% in July. This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force.

The Employment-Population ratio increased to 58.5% from 58.4% (black line).

I'll post the 25 to 54 age group employment-population ratio graph later.

The fourth graph shows the unemployment rate.

The unemployment rate decreased in August to 5.2% from 5.4% in July.

This was well below consensus expectations, however June and July were revised up by 134,000 combined.

I'll have more later ...

by Calculated Risk on 9/02/2021 09:00:00 PM

My August Employment Preview

A few brief excerpts from a note by Goldman Sachs economist Spencer Hill:

We estimate nonfarm payrolls rose 500k in August, below consensus of +725k. ... we expect the reopening of schools to boost job growth by around 150k in tomorrow’s report. ... We estimate a two-tenths drop in the unemployment rate to 5.2% ... reflecting a firm household employment gain and a stable participation rate.
emphasis added

Friday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, Employment Report for August.   The consensus is for 728 thousand jobs added, and for the unemployment rate to decrease to 5.2%.

• At 10:00 AM, ISM Services Index for August.

by Calculated Risk on 9/02/2021 03:48:00 PM

New newsletter article: Real House Prices, Price-to-Rent Ratio and Price-to-Median Income in June

I've started a newsletter focused solely on real estate.  This newsletter will be ad free.

The current article discusses real house prices, price-to-rent and price-to-median income (a key topic this year).

This newsletter will usually be published several times a week, and will provide more in-depth analysis of the housing market.  

The blog will continue as always!

You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/ (Currently all content is available for free, but please subscribe).