by Calculated Risk on 1/03/2022 10:14:00 AM

Tracking existing home inventory is very important in 2022.

Inventory usually declines sharply over the holidays, and this is a new record low for this series.

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

This inventory graph is courtesy of Altos Research.

As of December 31st, inventory was at 294 thousand (7-day average), compared to 420 thousand for the same week a year ago.  That is a decline of 30.0%.  Inventory is down 5.4% from last week.

Compared to the same week in 2019, inventory is down 61.5% from 764 thousand.  A week ago, inventory was at 310 thousand, and was down 29.0% YoY.   

Seasonally, inventory bottomed in April (usually inventory bottoms in January or February). Inventory last week was about 4.2% below the previous record low set-in early April 2021.

Inventory peaked for the year in early September, when inventory was at 437 thousand (the peak for the year), so inventory is currently off about 32.8% from the peak for 2021.  

Mike Simonsen discusses this data regularly on Youtube.  

by Calculated Risk on 1/03/2022 08:58:00 AM

These indicators are mostly for travel and entertainment.    It is interesting to watch these sectors recover as the pandemic subsides.

----- Airlines: Transportation Security Administration -----
The TSA is providing daily travel numbers.

This data is as of January 1st.

Click on graph for larger image.

This data shows the 7-day average of daily total traveler throughput from the TSA for 2019 (Light Blue), 2020 (Black), 2021 (Blue) and 2021 (Red).

The dashed line is the percent of 2019 for the seven-day average.

The 7-day average is down 17.8% from the same day in 2019 (82.2% of 2019).  (Dashed line)

Air travel had been off about 20% relative to 2019 for the last five months (with some ups and downs) - but picked up over the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays.

----- Restaurants: OpenTable -----
The second graph shows the 7-day average of the year-over-year change in diners as tabulated by OpenTable for the US and several selected cities.

IMPORTANT: OpenTable notes: "we’ve updated the data including downloadable dataset from January 1, 2021 onward to compare seated diners from 2021 to 2019, as opposed to year over year." Thanks!

Thanks to OpenTable for providing this restaurant data:

This data is updated through January 1, 2022.

This data is "a sample of restaurants on the OpenTable network across all channels: online reservations, phone reservations, and walk-ins. For year-over-year comparisons by day, we compare to the same day of the week from the same week in the previous year."

Note that this data is for "only the restaurants that have chosen to reopen in a given market". Since some restaurants have not reopened, the actual year-over-year decline is worse than shown.

Dining was mostly moving sideways, but there has been some decline recently, probably due to the winter wave of COVID.  The 7-day average for the US is down 13% compared to 2019.

----- Movie Tickets: Box Office Mojo -----
This data shows domestic box office for each week and the median for the years 2016 through 2019 (dashed light blue).  

Blue is 2020 and Red is 2021.  

The data is from BoxOfficeMojo through December 30th.

Note that the data is usually noisy week-to-week and depends on when blockbusters are released.

Movie ticket sales were at $204 million last week, down about 44% from the median for the week. 

----- Hotel Occupancy: STR -----
This graph shows the seasonal pattern for the hotel occupancy rate using the four-week average.

The red line is for 2021, black is 2020, blue is the median, dashed purple is 2019, and dashed light blue is for 2009 (the worst year on record for hotels prior to 2020).

This data is through December 18th. The occupancy rate was up 8.0% compared to the same week in 2019. Although down compared to 2019, the 4-week average of the occupancy rate is now above the median rate for the previous 20 years (Blue).

Notes: Y-axis doesn't start at zero to better show the seasonal change.

The 4-week average of the occupancy rate will bottom seasonally over the next few weeks.

----- Gasoline Supplied: Energy Information Administration -----
This graph, based on weekly data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), shows gasoline supplied compared to the same week of 2019.

Blue is for 2020.  Red is for 2021.

As of December 24th, gasoline supplied was up 8.5% compared to the same week in 2019.

There have been 13 weeks this year that gasoline supplied was up compared to the same week in 2019 - so consumption is running close to 2019 levels now.

----- Transit: Apple Mobility -----
This graph is from Apple mobility. From Apple: "This data is generated by counting the number of requests made to Apple Maps for directions in select countries/regions, sub-regions, and cities." This is just a general guide - people that regularly commute probably don't ask for directions.

There is also some great data on mobility from the Dallas Fed Mobility and Engagement Index. However the index is set "relative to its weekday-specific average over January–February", and is not seasonally adjusted, so we can't tell if an increase in mobility is due to recovery or just the normal increase in the Spring and Summer.

This data is through December 31st 

for the United States and several selected cities.

The graph is the running 7-day average to remove the impact of weekends.

IMPORTANT: All data is relative to January 13, 2020. This data is NOT Seasonally Adjusted. People walk and drive more when the weather is nice, so I'm just using the transit data.

According to the Apple data directions requests, public transit in the 7-day average for the US is at 81% of the January 2020 level. 

New York City is doing OK by this metric, but subway usage in NYC is down significantly (next graph).

----- New York City Subway Usage -----
Here is some interesting data on New York subway usage (HT BR).

This graph is from Todd W Schneider. 

This graph shows how much MTA traffic has recovered in each borough (Graph starts at first week in January 2020 and 100 = 2019 average).

Manhattan is at about 26% of normal (impacted by holidays too).

This data is through Friday, December 31st.

He notes: "Data updates weekly from the MTA’s public turnstile data, usually on Saturday mornings".

by Calculated Risk on 1/02/2022 06:36:00 PM

Weekend:
• Schedule for Week of January 2, 2022

Monday:
• At 8:00 AM ET, Corelogic House Price index for November (might be Tuesday).

• At 10:00 AM, Construction Spending for November. The consensus is for a 0.6% increase in construction spending.

From CNBC: Pre-Market Data and Bloomberg futures S&P 500 futures are up 18 and DOW futures are up 128 (fair value).

Oil prices were up over the last week with WTI futures at $75.82 per barrel and Brent at $78.34 per barrel. A year ago, WTI was at $48, and Brent was at $51 - so WTI oil prices are up 50% year-over-year.

Here is a graph from Gasbuddy.com for nationwide gasoline prices. Nationally prices are at $3.26 per gallon. A year ago prices were at $2.24 per gallon, so gasoline prices are up $1.02 per gallon year-over-year.

by Calculated Risk on 1/02/2022 03:24:00 PM

Earlier I posted some questions on my blog: Ten Economic Questions for 2022. Some of these questions concern real estate (inventory, house prices, housing credit, housing starts, new home sales), and I posted those in the newsletter (others like GDP and employment will be on my blog).

I'm adding some thoughts, and maybe some predictions for each question.

5) Inflation: Core PCE was up 4.7% YoY through November. This was the highest YoY increase in core PCE since 1989.  The FOMC is forecasting the YoY change in core PCE will be in the 2.5% to 3.0% range in Q4 2022. Will the core inflation rate increase or decrease by December 2022?

Although there are different measure for inflation, they all show inflation well above the Fed's 2% inflation target.

Note:  I follow several measures of inflation, median CPI and trimmed-mean CPI from the Cleveland Fed.  Core PCE prices (monthly from the BEA) and core CPI (from the BLS).

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the year-over-year change for these four key measures of inflation.  The recent spike in inflation is obvious - and will likely get worse over the next few months.  Goldman Sachs economists recently wrote: 

"The current inflation surge is likely to get worse before it gets better"

On a year-over-year basis, the median CPI rose 3.5%, the trimmed-mean CPI rose 4.6%, and the CPI less food and energy rose 4.9%, and Core PCE increased 4.7% year-over-year.

The key question is will inflation trend down towards the Fed's target in 2022?  The Fed is projecting core PCE inflation will decrease to 2.5% to 3.0% by Q4 2022.  

On inflation Goldman Sachs is projecting a significant decline in inflation:

by the end of [2022] we expect core PCE inflation to fall to 2.5%. Admittedly, the key driver of our forecast—the partial resolution of supply-demand imbalances in the durable goods sector—is hard to time. But we do not see underlying wage growth or inflation expectations as inconsistent with the Fed’s 2% inflation goal, and therefore expect inflation to begin to come down meaningfully.

The pandemic was the cause of the inflation spike, with supply constraints, a shifting of demand from services to goods, large fiscal transfers, and a smaller labor force pushing up wages.   If the pandemic eases, I expect these pressures to ease.  My guess is core PCE inflation (year-over-year) will decrease in 2022 (from the current 4.7%), and I think core PCE inflation will be at or below 3% by the end of 2022.

Some thoughts:

• Question #1 for 2022: How much will the economy grow in 2022?
• Question #2 for 2022: Will the remaining jobs lost in 2020 return in 2022, or will job growth be sluggish?
• Question #3 for 2022: What will the unemployment rate be in December 2022?
• Question #4 for 2022: Will the overall participation rate increase to pre-pandemic levels (63.4% in February 2020)?
• Question #5 for 2022: Will the core inflation rate increase or decrease by December 2022?
• Question #6 for 2022: Will the Fed raise rates in 2022? If so, how many times?
• Question #7 for 2022: How about housing starts and new home sales in 2022?
• Question #8 for 2022: Housing Credit: Will we see easier mortgage lending in 2022?
• Question #9 for 2022: What will happen with house prices in 2022?
• Question #10 for 2022: Will inventory increase as the pandemic subsides, or will inventory decrease further in 2022?

Question #6 for 2022: Will the Fed raise rates in 2022? If so, how many times?

by Calculated Risk on 1/02/2022 11:57:00 AM

Earlier I posted some questions on my blog: Ten Economic Questions for 2022. Some of these questions concern real estate (inventory, house prices, housing credit, housing starts, new home sales), and I posted those in the newsletter (others like GDP and employment will be on my blog).

I'm adding some thoughts, and maybe some predictions for each question.

6) Monetary Policy:  In response to the pandemic, the FOMC cut rates to zero, and initiated an asset purchase program in March 2020.  The FOMC is currently on pace to stop the asset purchase program in March 2022.  A majority of FOMC participants expect three rate hikes in 2022.  Will the Fed raise rates in 2022?  If so, how many times?

First, on asset purchases from the December 2021 FOMC statement: 

"In light of inflation developments and the further improvement in the labor market, the Committee decided to reduce the monthly pace of its net asset purchases by $20 billion for Treasury securities and $10 billion for agency mortgage-backed securities. Beginning in January, the Committee will increase its holdings of Treasury securities by at least $40 billion per month and of agency mortgage‑backed securities by at least $20 billion per month. The Committee judges that similar reductions in the pace of net asset purchases will likely be appropriate each month, but it is prepared to adjust the pace of purchases if warranted by changes in the economic outlook."

The current plan is to end asset purchases in March 2022.

As far as rates, in March 2020, in response to the pandemic, the Fed cut rates to essentially zero, and held rates at zero ever since.  Now most analysts expect the FOMC to raise rates in 2022, perhaps as early as the March meeting.

From Goldman Sachs: 

"High inflation is likely to keep the Fed on a quarterly tightening path next year. We expect the FOMC to raise rates three times starting in March and to announce the start of balance sheet runoff, which is likely to proceed more quickly than last cycle. Our forecast calls for three additional hikes per year in 2023 and 2024 and a terminal rate of 2.5-2.75%."

As of December, looking at the "dot plot", the FOMC participants see the following number of rate hikes in 2022:

	FOMC Members 2022
No Change	0
One Rate Hike	1
Two Rate Hikes	5
Three Rate Hikes	10
Four Rate Hikes	2

Clearly the main view of the FOMC is three rate hikes in 2022.

The next two FOMC meetings are January 25th and 26th, and then March 15th and 16th.   Currently I expect asset purchases to end as planned in March, and the 1st rate hike to happen at the March meeting, and perhaps a 2nd hike in June.   Subsequent rate hikes will depend on the course of the pandemic, inflation and employment, but 3 rate hikes in 2022 seem likely.   It also seems likely that the FOMC will announcement the end of reinvestment sometime in 2022 (start "balance sheet runoff").

Some thoughts:

• Question #1 for 2022: How much will the economy grow in 2022?
• Question #2 for 2022: Will the remaining jobs lost in 2020 return in 2022, or will job growth be sluggish?
• Question #3 for 2022: What will the unemployment rate be in December 2022?
• Question #4 for 2022: Will the overall participation rate increase to pre-pandemic levels (63.4% in February 2020)?
• Question #5 for 2022: Will the core inflation rate increase or decrease by December 2022?
• Question #6 for 2022: Will the Fed raise rates in 2022? If so, how many times?
• Question #7 for 2022: How about housing starts and new home sales in 2022?
• Question #8 for 2022: Housing Credit: Will we see easier mortgage lending in 2022?
• Question #9 for 2022: What will happen with house prices in 2022?
• Question #10 for 2022: Will inventory increase as the pandemic subsides, or will inventory decrease further in 2022?

Saturday, January 01, 2022

Real Estate Newsletter Articles this Week

by Calculated Risk on 1/01/2022 02:11:00 PM

At the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter this week:

• Question #7 for 2022: How much will Residential investment change in 2022? How about housing starts and new home sales in 2022?

• Question #8 for 2022: Housing Credit: Will we see easier mortgage lending in 2022?

• Question #9 for 2022: What will happen with house prices in 2022?

• Real House Prices, Price-to-Rent Ratio and Price-to-Median Income in October And a look at "Affordability"

• Case-Shiller National Index up 19.1% Year-over-year in October FHFA: "annual trends slowing over the last four consecutive months"

• Final Look at Local Housing Markets in November No Signs of Slowing; Inventory down Sharply

• Question #10 for 2022: Will inventory increase as the pandemic subsides, or will inventory decrease further in 2022?

This is usually published several times a week, and provides more in-depth analysis of the housing market.

The blog will continue as always!

You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/  Most content is available for free, but please subscribe!.

Schedule for Week of January 2, 2022

by Calculated Risk on 1/01/2022 08:11:00 AM

Happy New Year! Wishing you all the best in 2022.

The key report this week is the December employment report on Friday.

Other key indicators include the December ISM manufacturing and services indexes, December vehicle sales, the November trade deficit, and November Job Openings.

----- Monday, January 3rd -----
8:00 AM ET: Corelogic House Price index for November.

10:00 AM: Construction Spending for November. The consensus is for a 0.6% increase in construction spending.

----- Tuesday, January 4th -----
10:00 AM ET: Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey for October from the BLS.

This graph shows job openings (yellow line), hires (purple), Layoff, Discharges and other (red column), and Quits (light blue column) from the JOLTS.

Jobs openings increased in October to 11.033 million from 10.602 million in September.

10:00 AM: ISM Manufacturing Index for December. The consensus is for the ISM to be at 60.2, down from 61.1 in November.

All day: Light vehicle sales for December. Sales were at 12.86 million in November (Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate).  Wards Auto is projecting sales of 12.7 million SAAR in December.

This graph shows light vehicle sales since the BEA started keeping data in 1967. The dashed line is the November sales rate.

----- Wednesday, January 5th -----
7:00 AM ET: The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

8:15 AM: The ADP Employment Report for December. This report is for private payrolls only (no government). The consensus is for 413,000, down from 534,000 jobs added in November.

----- Thursday, January 6th -----
8:30 AM: The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released.  Initial claims were 198 thousand last week.

8:30 AM: Trade Balance report for November from the Census Bureau.

This graph shows the U.S. trade deficit, with and without petroleum, through the most recent report. The blue line is the total deficit, and the black line is the petroleum deficit, and the red line is the trade deficit ex-petroleum products.

The consensus is the trade deficit to be $70.0 billion.  The U.S. trade deficit was at $67.1 billion in October.

10:00 AM: the ISM Services Index for December.

----- Friday, January 7th -----
8:30 AM: Employment Report for December.   There were 120 thousand jobs added in November, and the unemployment rate was at 4.2%.  The consensus is for 400 thousand jobs added in December, and for the unemployment rate to decline to 4.1%.

This graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms.

The current employment recession was by far the worst recession since WWII in percentage terms. However, the current employment recession, 20 months after the onset, is now significantly better than the worst of the "Great Recession"

Friday, December 31, 2021

"Highest Mortgage Rates in a Month, But Just Barely"

by Calculated Risk on 12/31/2021 05:15:00 PM

From Matthew Graham at MortgageNewsDaily: Highest Rates in a Month, But Just Barely

Mortgage rates began the week in decent shape, but moved higher somewhat abruptly yesterday. Context is important though. The smallest increment of adjustment for mortgages is typically 0.125%, and we haven't seen a move that big since early November. In fact, the overall range in 30yr fixed rates hasn't even been 0.125% during that time!

In other words, we're only able to say "highest rates in a month" because they finally trickled to just slightly higher levels. On that note, we might as well prepare for the next technicality. Specifically, if things get just a bit worse, we'll soon be able to say "highest rates in 9 months," even though they won't be too terribly different from today's.

Click on graph for larger image.

This is a graph from Mortgage News Daily (MND) showing 30-year fixed rates from three sources (MND, MBA, Freddie Mac) since 2010.  

The 30-year fixed rate for top tier scenarios was 3.27% yesterday, up from 3.26% on Wednesday.  This is still historically very low.

If rates rise to 3.30% that will be highest since March 2021.  And 3.46% would be the highest since rates spiked briefly at the beginning of the pandemic.

Go to MND and you can adjust the graph for different time periods.

Question #7 for 2022: How about housing starts and new home sales in 2022?

by Calculated Risk on 12/31/2021 12:23:00 PM

Today, in the Real Estate Newsletter: Question #7 for 2022: How much will Residential investment change in 2022? How about housing starts and new home sales in 2022?

A brief excerpt:

Earlier I posted some questions on my blog for next year: Ten Economic Questions for 2022. Some of these questions concern real estate (inventory, house prices, housing credit, housing starts, new home sales), and I’ll post those in the newsletter (others like GDP and employment will be on my blog).

I'm adding some thoughts, and maybe some predictions for each question.
...
Most analysts are looking for new home sales to increase in 2022. For example, the NAHB expects new home sales to increase to 840 thousand in 2022, and Fannie Mae expects 897 thousand, and the MBA is forecasting 922 thousand in 2022.

And for housing starts, Fannie Mae is forecasting starts will be mostly unchanged at 1.6 million, and the NAHB is forecasting a decline to 1.55 million.

My guess is starts will be down low-to-mid single digits year-over-year in 2022. New home sales could pick up solidly if existing home inventory stays low, supply issues are resolved, and mortgage rates stay low, but my guess is new home sales will be mostly unchanged year-over-year.

There is much more in the article. You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/

Lawler: More on the CoreLogic Home Investor Activity Report

by Calculated Risk on 12/31/2021 08:33:00 AM

From housing economist Tom Lawler:

Below is a table showing quarterly home sales based on CoreLogic’s property records database for “non-investors” and for “investors” based on size of investors. For fun I also included the YOY % change in the S&P/Case-Shiller National Home Price Index., As a reminder, here is how CoreLogic defines an investor purchase:

Using CoreLogic’s public records data, we define an investor as an entity (individual or corporate) who retained three or more properties simultaneously within the past 10 years or has a corporate or non-individual identifier on the deed. Examples include LLCs, CORPs, and INCs, to name a few.”

CoreLogic’s “size” categories fir investors are as follows: small 3-10 properties, mid-sized 11-99 properties, and large 100+ properties.

Click on table for larger image.

What is striking is that investor home purchases by investors in all three size categories exploded upward beginning in the second quarter.

Note that while total home purchases in the third quarter of this year were up 7.5% from the third quarter of 2019, non-investor home purchases were DOWN 5.2%.

I’ll have even more on this topic later. WRT the above chart, however, here are some questions to consider:

Did investor purchases surge BECAUSE home prices were accelerating? Or was the surge in investor purchases behind the surge in home prices? Or … was it a combination of both?