by Calculated Risk on 3/04/2022 03:59:00 PM

From the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Rail Time Indicators. Graphs and excerpts reprinted with permission.

U.S. rail carloads were up 11.0% in February 2022 over February 2021, but that’s misleading — the big percentage gain is mainly a function of weak carloads in February 2021 caused by severe winter storms back then in Texas and elsewhere. (The third week of February 2021 had the fewest rail carloads of any week in our records going back to 1988.) For the first two months of 2022, carloads were up 3.6% ...

U.S. intermodal volume in February 2022 was up 1.4% over last year
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph from the Rail Time Indicators report shows the six-week average of U.S. Carloads in 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Total carloads were 915,329 in February 2022, an average of 228,832 per week. Other than February 2020, that’s the lowest weekly average for a February since sometime before 1988, when our U.S. rail traffic data begin.

The second graph shows the six-week average (not monthly) of U.S. intermodal in 2019, 2020 and 2021: (using intermodal or shipping containers):

Volume in February 2022 was 1.03 million, up 1.4% (14,294 containers and trailers) over February 2021. The weekly average in February 2022 was 238,220, well below the first half 2021 weekly average of 282,004 and the second half 2021 average of 261,938. The two-month total in 2022 was 2.03 million. Since 2016, only 2020 had a lower January-February total.

by Calculated Risk on 3/04/2022 01:53:00 PM

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: Delinquencies, Foreclosures and REO

A brief excerpt:

Last year, I pointed out that the foreclosure moratorium, combined with the expiration of a large number of forbearance plans, would NOT lead to a surge in foreclosures and impact house prices (as happened following the housing bubble).
...
Here is some data on REOs through Q4 2021 …
...
We will probably see an increase in REOs in 2022.

This graph shows the nominal dollar value of Residential REO for FDIC insured institutions. Note: The FDIC reports the dollar value and not the total number of REOs.

The dollar value of 1-4 family residential Real Estate Owned (REOs, foreclosed houses) declined from $1.11 billion in Q4 2020 to $0.78 billion in Q4 2021. This is the lowest level of REOs in many years. (Probably declined sharply due to foreclosure moratoriums, forbearance programs and house price increases).
...
The bottom line is there will be an increase in foreclosures in 2022 (from record low levels), but it will not be a huge wave of foreclosures.

There is much more in the article. You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/

by Calculated Risk on 3/04/2022 12:35:00 PM

From BofA:

This week’s data pushed up 4Q GDP tracking to 7.4% qoq saar from 7.0%, but lowered 1Q GDP tracking to 1.6% from 2.5%. [March 4 estimate]
emphasis added

And from the Altanta Fed: GDPNow

The GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the first quarter of 2022 is 0.0 percent on March 1, down from 0.6 percent on February 25. [March 1 estimate]

by Calculated Risk on 3/04/2022 09:31:00 AM

This was a strong report with upward revisions to prior months.

The headline jobs number in the February employment report was above expectations, and employment for the previous two months was revised up by 92,000.   The participation rate and the employment-population ratio both increased, and the unemployment rate decreased to 3.8%.

Leisure and hospitality gained 179 thousand jobs in February.  In March and April of 2020, leisure and hospitality lost 8.20 million jobs, and are now down 1.53 million jobs since February 2020.  So, leisure and hospitality has now added back about 81% all of the jobs lost in March and April 2020.

Construction employment increased 60 thousand and is now only 11 thousand below the pre-pandemic level. 

Manufacturing added 36 thousand jobs and is still 178 thousand below the pre-pandemic level.

Earlier: February Employment Report: 678 thousand Jobs, 3.8% Unemployment Rate

In February, the year-over-year employment change was 6.67 million jobs.

Permanent Job Losers

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows permanent job losers as a percent of the pre-recession peak in employment through the report today.

This data is only available back to 1994, so there is only data for three recessions.

In February, the number of permanent job losers decreased to 1.583 million from 1.630 million in the previous month.

These jobs will likely be the hardest to recover, so it is a positive that the number of permanent job losers is declining fairly rapidly.

Prime (25 to 54 Years Old) Participation

Since the overall participation rate has declined due to cyclical (recession) and demographic (aging population, younger people staying in school) reasons, here is the employment-population ratio for the key working age group: 25 to 54 years old.

The prime working age will be key as the economy recovers.

The 25 to 54 participation rate increased in February to 82.2% from 82.0% in January, and the 25 to 54 employment population ratio increased to 79.5% from 79.1% the previous month.

Both are still below the pre-pandemic levels and indicate that some prime workers have still not returned to the labor force.

Part Time for Economic Reasons

From the BLS report:

"The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 418,000 to 4.1 million in February but remains below its February 2020 level of 4.4 million. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs."

The number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased in February to 4.135 million from 3.717 million in January. This is lower than pre-recession levels.

These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that increased to 7.2% from 7.1% in the previous month. This is down from the record high in April 22.9% for this measure since 1994. This measure was at 7.0% in February 2020 (pre-pandemic).

Unemployed over 26 Weeks

This graph shows the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more.

According to the BLS, there are 1.702 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks and still want a job, up from 1.691 million the previous month.

This does not include all the people that left the labor force. 

Summary:

The headline monthly jobs number was above expectations; and the previous two months were revised up by 92,000 combined.  

The headline unemployment rate decreased to 3.8%.  The household survey indicated a solid gain in employment of 548 thousand, following a gain of 1.2 million last month.

Both the prime age participation rate and employment-population ratio increased, but still below pre-pandemic levels, indicating some prime workers are still out of the labor force.   And there are still 2.1 million fewer jobs than prior to the recession.  

Overall, this was another strong report.

by Calculated Risk on 3/04/2022 08:44:00 AM

From the BLS:

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 678,000 in February, and the unemployment rate edged down to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth was widespread, led by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, health care, and construction.

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 78,000, from +510,000 to +588,000, and the change for January was revised up by 14,000, from +467,000 to +481,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 92,000 higher than previously reported.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the year-over-year change in total non-farm employment since 1968.

In February, the year-over-year change was 6.67 million jobs.  This was up significantly year-over-year.

Total payrolls increased by 678 thousand in February.  Private payrolls increased by 654 thousand, and public payrolls increased 24 thousand.

Payrolls for December and January were revised up 92 thousand, combined.

The second graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms.

The current employment recession was by far the worst recession since WWII in percentage terms. However, the current employment recession, 24 months after the onset, is now significantly better than the worst of the "Great Recession".

The third graph shows the employment population ratio and the participation rate.

The Labor Force Participation Rate increased to 62.3% in February, from 62.2% in January. This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force.

The Employment-Population ratio increased to 59.9% from 59.7% (blue line).

I'll post the 25 to 54 age group employment-population ratio graph later.

The fourth graph shows the unemployment rate.

The unemployment rate decreased in February to 3.8% from 4.0% in January.

This was above consensus expectations; and November and December payrolls were revised up by 92,000 combined.  

I'll have more later ...

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 09:08:00 PM

My February Employment Preview

Goldman February Payrolls Preview

Friday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, Employment Report for February.   The consensus is for 400,000 jobs added, and for the unemployment rate to decrease to 3.9%.

On COVID (focus on hospitalizations and deaths):

COVID Metrics
	Now	Week Ago	Goal
Percent fully Vaccinated	65.0%	---	≥70.0%1
Fully Vaccinated (millions)	215.9	---	≥2321
New Cases per Day3	53,016	74,143	≤5,0002
Hospitalized3	38,175	54,307	≤3,0002
Deaths per Day3	1,558	1,711	≤502
1 Minimum to achieve "herd immunity" (estimated between 70% and 85%). 2my goals to stop daily posts, 37-day average for Cases, Currently Hospitalized, and Deaths 🚩 Increasing 7-day average week-over-week for Cases, Hospitalized, and Deaths ✅ Goal met.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the daily (columns) and 7-day average (line) of deaths reported.

New cases, hospitalizations and deaths are declining.

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 04:28:00 PM

A few brief excerpts from a note by Goldman Sachs economist Spencer Hill:

We estimate nonfarm payrolls rose by 500k in February (mom sa), above consensus of +400k. Our forecast assumes the return of roughly 200k payroll workers who missed work in January due to Omicron. ... We estimate a two-tenths drop in the unemployment rate to 3.8%—compared to consensus of 3.9%.
emphasis added

CR Note: The consensus is for 400 thousand jobs added, and for the unemployment rate to decline to 3.9%.

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 01:35:00 PM

From CoStar: STR: US Weekly Hotel Rates Significantly Outpace Pre-Pandemic Levels

U.S. hotel performance increased from the previous week and showed significant improvement against 2019 comparables, according to STR‘s latest data through Feb. 26.

Feb. 20-26, 2022 (percentage change from comparable week in 2019*):

• Occupancy: 62.2% (-4.7%)
• Average daily rate (ADR): $143.83 (+13.1%)
• Revenue per available room (RevPAR): $89.45 (+7.7%)

*Due to the pandemic impact, STR is measuring recovery against comparable time periods from 2019.
emphasis added

The following graph shows the seasonal pattern for the hotel occupancy rate using the four-week average.

Click on graph for larger image.

The red line is for 2022, black is 2020, blue is the median, and dashed light blue is for 2021.

The 4-week average of the occupancy rate is below the median rate for the previous 20 years (Blue).

Note: Y-axis doesn't start at zero to better show the seasonal change.

The 4-week average of the occupancy rate will increase seasonally over the next few months.

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 11:25:00 AM

On Friday at 8:30 AM ET, the BLS will release the employment report for February. The consensus is for 400,000 jobs added, and for the unemployment rate to decrease to 3.9%.

There were 467,000 jobs added in January, and the unemployment rate was at 4.0%.

Click on graph for larger image.

• First, currently there are still about 2.9 million fewer jobs than in February 2020 (before the pandemic).

This graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms.

The current employment recession was by far the worst recession since WWII in percentage terms.  However, the current employment recession, 23 months after the onset, is now significantly better than the worst of the "Great Recession".

• ADP Report: The ADP employment report showed a gain of 475,000 private sector jobs, well above the consensus estimates of 320,000 jobs added.  The ADP report hasn't been very useful in predicting the BLS report, but this suggests the BLS report could be above expectations.

• ISM Surveys: Note that the ISM services are diffusion indexes based on the number of firms hiring (not the number of hires).  The ISM® manufacturing employment index decreased in February to 52.9%, down from 54.5% last month.   This would suggest no change in manufacturing employment in February. ADP showed 30,000 manufacturing jobs gained.

The ISM® Services employment index decreased in February to 48.5%, down from 52.3% last month.   This would suggest a 30 thousand increase in service employment in February.  Combined, the ISM indexes suggest employment well below the consensus estimate.

• Unemployment Claims: The weekly claims report showed a decrease in the number of initial unemployment claims during the reference week (includes the 12th of the month) from 290,000 in January to 249,000 in February. This would usually suggest fewer layoffs in February than in January, although this might not be very useful right now. In general, weekly claims were close to expectations in February.

• Permanent Job Losers: Something to watch in the employment report will be "Permanent job losers". This graph shows permanent job losers as a percent of the pre-recession peak in employment through the January report.

This data is only available back to 1994, so there is only data for three recessions. In January, he number of permanent job losers decreased to 1.630 million from 1.703 million the previous month.

These jobs will likely be the hardest to recover, so it is a positive that the number of permanent job losers is declining fairly rapidly.

• Weather: Weather is a wildcard every year during the winter. A harsh winter can lead to a weak jobs report. After the report is released, the SF Fed will update their Weather-Adjusted Employment Change

•  COVID: As far as the pandemic, the number of daily cases during the reference week in February was around 200,000, down sharply from around 800,000 in January.   The current wave peaked during the January reference week, and declined in February

• Conclusion: There is optimism concerning the February employment report due to the sharp decline in COVID cases.  Overall, the ADP report was solid, and unemployment claims decreased during the reference week.  However, the ISM employment surveys were weak in February.  My sense is the report will be below consensus expectations.

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 10:04:00 AM

(Posted with permission). The ISM® Services index was at 56.5%, down from 59.9% last month. The employment index decreased to 48.5%, from 52.3%. Note: Above 50 indicates expansion, below 50 in contraction.

From the Institute for Supply Management: Services PMI® at 56.5% February 2022 Services ISM® Report On Business®

Economic activity in the services sector grew in February for the 21st month in a row — with the Services PMI® registering 56.5 percent — say the nation’s purchasing and supply executives in the latest Services ISM® Report On Business®.

The report was issued today by Anthony Nieves, CPSM, C.P.M., A.P.P., CFPM, Chair of the Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) Services Business Survey Committee: “In February, the Services PMI® registered 56.5 percent, 3.4 percentage points below January's reading of 59.9 percent. The Business Activity Index registered 55.1 percent, a decrease of 4.8 percentage points compared to the reading of 59.9 percent in January, and the New Orders Index figure of 56.1 percent is 5.6 percentage points lower than the January reading of 61.7 percent.
emphasis added

The employment index decreased to 48.5%, from 52.3% the previous month.

by Calculated Risk on 3/03/2022 08:35:00 AM

The DOL reported:

In the week ending February 26, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 215,000, a decrease of 18,000 from the previous week's revised level. The previous week's level was revised up by 1,000 from 232,000 to 233,000. The 4-week moving average was 230,500, a decrease of 6,000 from the previous week's revised average. The previous week's average was revised up by 250 from 236,250 to 236,500.
emphasis added

The following graph shows the 4-week moving average of weekly claims since 1971.

Click on graph for larger image.

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims decreased to 230,500.

The previous week was revised up.

Weekly claims were lower than the consensus forecast.

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 08:32:00 PM

Thursday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released.  The consensus is for a decrease to 230 thousand from 232 thousand last week.

• At 10:00 AM, Testimony, Fed Chair Jerome Powell, Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress, Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate

• Also at 10:00 AM, the ISM Services Index for February.

On COVID (focus on hospitalizations and deaths):

COVID Metrics
	Now	Week Ago	Goal
Percent fully Vaccinated	65.0%	---	≥70.0%1
Fully Vaccinated (millions)	215.8	---	≥2321
New Cases per Day3	56,253	81,212	≤5,0002
Hospitalized3	40,190	56,955	≤3,0002
Deaths per Day3	1,674	1,687	≤502
1 Minimum to achieve "herd immunity" (estimated between 70% and 85%). 2my goals to stop daily posts, 37-day average for Cases, Currently Hospitalized, and Deaths 🚩 Increasing 7-day average week-over-week for Cases, Hospitalized, and Deaths ✅ Goal met.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the daily (columns) and 7-day average (line) of deaths reported.

New cases, hospitalizations and deaths are declining.

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 02:03:00 PM

Fed's Beige Book "This report was prepared at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis based on information collected on or before February 18, 2022. "

Economic activity has expanded at a modest to moderate pace since mid-January. Many Districts reported that the surge in COVID-19 cases temporarily disrupted business activity as firms faced heighted absenteeism. Some Districts attributed a temporary weakening in demand in the hospitality sector to the rise in cases. Severe winter weather was also cited as disrupting activity. As a result, consumer spending was generally weaker than in the prior report. Reports on auto sales were mixed. Manufacturing activity continued to grow at a modest pace. All Districts noted that supply chain issues and low inventories continued to restrain growth, particularly in the construction sector. Reports from banking contacts indicated some weakening of financial conditions, although loan demand was generally unchanged. Demand for residential real estate was generally strong, although many Districts reported no change in home sales due to seasonal trends and low inventories. Agriculture reports were somewhat mixed, as some Districts experienced difficult growing conditions while others benefited from higher crop prices. Reports on the energy sector indicated modest growth. Among reporting Districts, the overall economic outlook over the next six months remained stable and generally optimistic, although reports highlighted an elevated degree of uncertainty.
...
Employment increased at a modest to moderate pace. Widespread strong demand for workers remained hampered by equally widespread reports of worker scarcity, though some Districts reported scattered signs of improving labor supply. Many firms had difficulty maintaining their staffing levels due to high turnover; this challenge was exacerbated by COVID-19 disruptions in January, though workers and firms recovered more quickly than during previous waves. Firms continued to increase compensation and introduce workplace flexibility to attract workers—especially in historically low-wage positions—with mixed success. Contacts reported they expect the tight labor market and consequent strong wage growth to continue, though a few Districts reported signs of wage growth moderating.
emphasis added

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 12:57:00 PM

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: The War and Mortgage Rates

A brief excerpt:

The invasion of Ukraine has clouded the economic outlook (of course, the economic outlook is inconsequential compared to the ongoing human suffering in Ukraine). Fed Chair Pro Tempore Powell said today:

The near-term effects on the U.S. economy of the invasion of Ukraine, the ongoing war, the sanctions, and of events to come, remain highly uncertain.

And in the Q&A, Powell said about the March FOMC meeting:

"I am inclined to propose and support a 25 basis point rate hike"

...Key points:

• The invasion is leading to significant uncertainty.

• Mortgage rates haven’t fallen as fast as Treasury yields.

• The Fed is still going to raise rates in March.

There is much more in the article. You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 08:43:00 AM

Watch Live here at 10 AM ET.

An excerpt from prepared testimony of Fed Chair Pro Tempore Powell: Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress

Our monetary policy has been adapting to the evolving economic environment, and it will continue to do so. We have phased out our net asset purchases. With inflation well above 2 percent and a strong labor market, we expect it will be appropriate to raise the target range for the federal funds rate at our meeting later this month.

The process of removing policy accommodation in current circumstances will involve both increases in the target range of the federal funds rate and reduction in the size of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet. As the FOMC noted in January, the federal funds rate is our primary means of adjusting the stance of monetary policy. Reducing our balance sheet will commence after the process of raising interest rates has begun, and will proceed in a predictable manner primarily through adjustments to reinvestments.

The near-term effects on the U.S. economy of the invasion of Ukraine, the ongoing war, the sanctions, and of events to come, remain highly uncertain. Making appropriate monetary policy in this environment requires a recognition that the economy evolves in unexpected ways. We will need to be nimble in responding to incoming data and the evolving outlook.
emphasis added

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 08:19:00 AM

From ADP:

Private sector employment increased by 475,000 jobs from January to February according to the February​ ADP® National Employment Report^TM. Broadly distributed to the public each month, free of charge, the ADP National Employment Report is produced by the ADP Research Institute® in collaboration with Moody’s Analytics. The report, which is derived from ADP’s actual data of those who are on a company’s payroll, measures the change in total nonfarm private employment each month on a seasonally-adjusted basis

“Hiring remains robust but capped by reduced labor supply post-pandemic. Last month large companies showed they are well-poised to compete with higher wages and benefit offerings, and posted the strongest reading since the early days of the pandemic recovery,” said Nela Richardson, chief economist, ADP. “Small companies lost ground as they continue to stuggle to keep pace with the wages and benefits needed to attract a limited pool of qualified workers.”
emphasis added

This was above the consensus forecast of 320,000 for this report.

The BLS report will be released Friday, and the consensus is for 400 thousand non-farm payroll jobs added in February. The ADP report has not been very useful in predicting the BLS report, but this suggests a solid February BLS report.

by Calculated Risk on 3/02/2022 07:00:00 AM

From the MBA: Mortgage Applications Decrease in Latest MBA Weekly Survey

Mortgage applications decreased 0.7 percent from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey for the week ending February 25, 2022.

... The Refinance Index increased 1 percent from the previous week and was 56 percent lower than the same week one year ago. The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index decreased 2 percent from one week earlier. The unadjusted Purchase Index increased 1 percent compared with the previous week and was 9 percent lower than the same week one year ago.

“Mortgage rates last week reached multi-year highs, putting a damper on applications activity. The 30- year fixed rate reached its highest level since 2019 at 4.15 percent, and the refinance share of applications dipped below 50 percent. Although there was an increase in government refinance applications, higher rates continue to push potential refinance borrowers out of the market,” said Joel Kan, MBA’s Associate Vice President of Economic and Industry Forecasting. “Purchase activity remained weak, but the average loan size increased again, which indicates that home-price growth remains strong, and a greater share of the activity is occurring at the higher end of the market.”

Added Kan, “We will continue to assess the potential impact on mortgage demand from the sharp drop in interest rates this week due to the invasion of Ukraine.”
...
The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($647,200 or less) increased to 4.15 percent from 4.06 percent, with points decreasing to 0.44 from 0.48 (including the origination fee) for 80 percent loan-to-value ratio (LTV) loans.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.


The first graph shows the refinance index since 1990.

With higher mortgage rates, the refinance index has declined sharply over the last several months.  Refinance activity will probably increase in the next survey as rates fall due to the invasion.

The second graph shows the MBA mortgage purchase index

According to the MBA, purchase activity is down 9% year-over-year unadjusted.

Note: Red is a four-week average (blue is weekly).

by Calculated Risk on 3/01/2022 09:37:00 PM

Wednesday:
• At 7:00 AM ET, The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

• At 8:15 AM, The ADP Employment Report for February. This report is for private payrolls only (no government). The consensus is for 320,000 payroll jobs added in February, up from 301,000 lost in January.

• At 10:00 AM, Testimony, Fed Chair Jerome Powell, Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress, Before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives

• At 2:00 PM, the Federal Reserve Beige Book, an informal review by the Federal Reserve Banks of current economic conditions in their Districts.

On COVID (focus on hospitalizations and deaths):

COVID Metrics
	Now	Week Ago	Goal
Percent fully Vaccinated	65.0%	---	≥70.0%1
Fully Vaccinated (millions)	215.7	---	≥2321
New Cases per Day3	68,480	80,815	≤5,0002
Hospitalized3	41,898	59,829	≤3,0002
Deaths per Day3🚩	1,832	1,686	≤502
1 Minimum to achieve "herd immunity" (estimated between 70% and 85%). 2my goals to stop daily posts, 37-day average for Cases, Currently Hospitalized, and Deaths 🚩 Increasing 7-day average week-over-week for Cases, Hospitalized, and Deaths ✅ Goal met.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the daily (columns) and 7-day average (line) of deaths reported.

New cases and hospitalizations are declining.

by Calculated Risk on 3/01/2022 07:24:00 PM

Wards Auto released their estimate of light vehicle sales for February. Wards Auto estimates sales of 14.07 million SAAR in February 2022 (Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate), down 6.3% from the January sales rate, and down 11.7% from February 2021. 

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows light vehicle sales since 2006 from the BEA (blue) and Wards Auto's estimate for February (red).

The impact of COVID-19 was significant, and April 2020 was the worst month.  After April 2020, sales increased, and were close to sales in 2019 (the year before the pandemic).  

However, sales decreased late last year due to supply issues. It appears the "supply chain bottom" was in September 2021, however sales in February were below the consensus forecast of 14.4 million SAAR.

by Calculated Risk on 3/01/2022 12:44:00 PM

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: Rents Still Increasing Sharply Year-over-year

A brief excerpt:

Here is a graph of the year-over-year (YoY) change for these measures since January 2015. All of these measures are through January 2022 (Apartment List through February 2022).

Note that new lease measures (Zillow, Apartment List) dipped early in the pandemic, whereas the BLS measures were steady. Then new leases took off, and the BLS measures are just starting to pick up.
...
The Zillow measure is up 15.9% YoY in January, down slightly from 16.0% YoY in December. And the ApartmentList measure is up 17.6% as of February, down slightly from 17.9% in January. Both the Zillow measure (a repeat rent index), and ApartmentList are showing a sharp increase in rents.

Clearly rents are still increasing, and we should expect this to continue to spill over into measures of inflation in 2022. The Owners’ Equivalent Rent (OER) was up 4.1% YoY in January, from 3.8% YoY in December - and will likely increase further in the coming months.

There is much more in the article. You can subscribe at https://calculatedrisk.substack.com/